Page 84 - Shawl Weaving Artisan - TP

Textile & Handloom Exercise 1.6.49
Shawl Weaving Artisan - Wet Processing

Identification of textile fibers, yarns, and fabrics through visual, tactile, and
simple physical tests

Objectives : At the end of this exercise you shall be able to
• learn the basic techniques of identifying textile fibers, yarn types, and fabrics
• develop observation, comparison, and analytical skills in trainees
• familiarize trainees with common natural and synthetic fibers, types of yarn construction, and fabric
structures.

Requirements

Tools/equipment’s/Instruments • Water bowl - 1 No.
• Notebook - 1 No. • Tweezers - 1 No.
• Pencil - 1 No. Materials
• Eraser - 1 No.
• Sharpener - 1 No. • Fibers: cotton, wool, silk, polyester etc
• Magnifying glass Lighter - 1 No. • Yarn: Single Yarn, Ply Yarn, Textured Yarn,
• Small scissors - 1 No. Filament Yarn, Staple yarn.
• Identification charts - 1 No. • Fabric: Plain Weave, Twill Weave,
Satin Weave, Knitted Fabric, Non-Woven Fabric

PROCEDURE

A Identification of Fibers Example
For identification of fibers follow the Ex No 1. Table 1
B Identification of Yarns Yarn Type Number of Plies
Step 1: Visual Inspection Single Yarn 1
1 Place the yarn on a white background. 2-Ply Yarn 2

2 Observe the following features with the naked eye 3-Ply Yarn 3
and magnifying glass:
Step 4: Fiber content test (with Teacher supervision)
• Thickness (Uniform or uneven)
1 If required, conduct a burn test on a small piece
• Smoothness or hairiness
Observe:
• Number of strands (Single strand or multiple
twisted strands) • Smell
• Twist direction (S-twist or Z-twist) • Burning behavior

• Luster (Shiny or dull) • Type of ash/residue
Step 2: Twist Direction Test This helps identify if the yarn is cotton, wool, silk,
polyester, nylon, etc.
1 Hold the yarn vertically.
Step 5: Stretch and Feel Test
2 Look at the angle of the twist:
1 Gently stretch the yarn.
• S-Twist: Slant goes like the middle of letter “S”
(left to right upwards). 2 Observe
• Z-Twist: Slant goes like the middle of letter “Z” • Elasticity
(right to left upwards). • Softness or coarseness
Step 3: Ply Test (Count the strands) • Smooth or rough feel
1 Untwist a small length of yarn. Final identification table for trainees:
2 Count how many smaller yarns or plies make the
main yarn.

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